Main pressure-valve.



P. WAGNER.

Mm mns-SURE VALVE,

APPLICATION HLED 00126, 1908. 1,106,757'n Patented Aug.11,1914.

3 SHEETS-*SHEET 1.

TYPICAL PRIUH CONSTRUCTION WAGIEU MAIN PRESSURE VALVE.

PELIUATMH YLSD GT.26,*1908,

1,106,757, Patented Aug. 11,19%

3 SHBETSASHJEET 2.

F. WAGNER. MAN PRESSURE VHLVE. APPLIUATIQN FILED amie, 1905.

1,1 06,757. Patented Aug. 11,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

M MM

gGNER, OF GROSS LICHTEEFELDE, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

MAIN PRESSURE-VALVE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application med october 2s, 190s. serial No. '459,665.

To all 'whom/it may concern y Be it known that I', Fnrrz WAGNER, a subject of the German Emperor, and resident of Ferdinandstrasse 20, Gross Lichterfelde, near Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Main Pressure-Valves, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to main-pressure valves of the class which are' operated through the medium of the fluid pressure upon the valve body,A 0r upon an equilibrium piston, one side of which piston is under the pressure existing in the pressure generating chamber and which at the same time, closes a, separate pressure chamber or so-called equilibrium chamber which is in constant communication with the pressure generating chamber and which can also communicate with the outlet chamber through an auxiliary or relief valve or throttle valve.

Theinvention is the result of a study of the conditions which produce in the aforesaid valves the hammering or vibrating; actions by reason of the inability of the main val vc to become stationary at once after haing moved into a new position and owing` to the momentum of.the moving` main valve whereby said :valve is carried, according toits speed, more or less beyond the, position at which it should stop. This, for example, with the motion of the main valve toward the equilibrium chamber produces a compression of the pressure fluid within the said chamber, thus forming cushion which throws the main valve backin the opposite direction and beyond the proper position. In consequence the passage of the auxiliary valve opens suddenly beyod the regular position and so contributes o` the vibrating' action as long as it renains open.,` A direct result of the foregoing action is the continued variation in pressure in the. equilibriujrnA chamber, because the constant. to and fro motion of the main valve naturallyalters the size of the. outlet of the auxiliary valve all the more suddenly as the relative movements of the main andthe auxiliary valves increase. As "the main valve can only come to a proper-rest when the pressures are equal at both sides of the e ulibrium piston, ir. will be obvious that t e vibration of the valve can be prevented by 'maintaining the same pressure ratios at the front. and back tions of pressure in the equilibrium chamber, has led me tothe conclusion that the cross-section of the' outlet opening of the auxiliary valve must be allowed to vary but Patented Aug. 11, 1914.

as little as possible even when -the relative 1 movements of the main and auxiliary valves dilfer greatly or suddenly from whatever causes. By this means only will it be p0ssible to obviate a sudden reduction in pressure in the equilibrium chamber and consequently` also to prevent the momentary strong excess of pressure on the equilibriumA in conjunction with the auxiliary valve in.

such a manner as to maintain the difference between the smallest and the 'largest throttle opening sufiicientlyrlow. Fol-'this purpose the throttle passage may be cylindrical` tnpering' or other convenient form and itted with a slow tapering or other throttling plug or with a hollow valve having suitable ports. It is, moreover, advisable to provide an prraugement for the expeditious "fillin ut the equilibriumrchamber immediately ar tor the auxiliary valve is closed.

The invent-ion is illustrated in the accompanyingry drawings, which show a diagram a nd several forms of construction by way of example. A.

Figure l is a diagrammatical view showing' the actions which take place during the vibrations ot the valves now in use. Fig. 2

,is :e vertical section through a valveconchamber forces the valve down again.

vided With an arrangement for speedily ii lling the equilibrium chamber aft'er the closing of the auxiliary valve. 'Fig 6 is a vertical section showing my improved valve applied as steam regulator for locomotives.

To more clearly emphasize the objections which l seek to overcome I have shown a typical old construction in Fig'. 1. The line ;\.-B represents one of' the median positions of the main valve l iu respect of the auxiliarjfY valve 9. provided for the same inlet and outlet How in the-equilibriuu'i chamber 3. If for some reason, for example through re duced pressurf-r in the outlet chamber It, the main valv'z .l which is here shown integral with the e uilibrium piston 5 be suddenlv driven downward, the variation in pressure will cause the main valve 1 to take a new median position toward the auxiliary valve 2 as is representedby the line A, 15,. The momentum will impel the main valve i to pass beyond the median line A, B, say to the extent of As hereby the outlet area of the auxiliary valve 2 has thus become enlarged by the annular space f, fm there .will occur a momentary strong discharge from the equilibrium chamber 3. This discharge produees at thelovvermost position of the main valve 1 an upwardlyy directed exeess of pressure which drives the valve upward lic-,vond the median line A, B, to about y. This plo duces an undue throttlingj of the outlet from the equilibrium chamber 255 while at the same time the pressure fluid which remains in theV equilibrium chamber is compressed and by reason of the rush of pressure fluid from the pressure generating chamber into the `outlet The same Cycle of actions is constantly repeated and the valve vibrates with the well known objectionable results. As these are vall the more destructive the. greater the displacements of the valve are, attempts have been made heretofore to limit the movements bv combining the main valve and the auxiliary 'valve by means of a coupling' adapted to prevent the main valve from rnakinfginore than a slight individual movement without actingr on the auxiliary valveM Valves constructed in this manner moreover are also found to be liableto ,livel hard blows: and an unpleasa n1- noise or nhaticringi'y while the various parte: are strongly sul'ijefited to great strainand Wear, eaeh movement or" the main valve being' transmitted to the valve spindle, thereby causing the latter to support all the hard shocks of the blows.

In the valves shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 which are mnstructed accordingl to mv infventi'on thc auxiliary valve 2 is formed with a special throltlin;Y member (l tlf. 82 respectivcl'v of such a kind as to insure onlj,Y a. very slightly alte-ring cross-section oi' the passage 'for the fluid while allowing a coinparaliveljvv long stroke of the main valve 1,

'The hrottling member thus allows of a very graduated increase or decrease 1n the :rca of Iihe passage.

vln the eonstruetional form shown in Fic'. 2, Athe valve casing;r 7 is fitted with the main valve l and superposed equilibrium piston The laltcr makes a fairly goed tit with' the periphery of the easing` 7 and forms with the said casing and its cover S an equilibriiun chamber 3 into which. the pressure fluid, for example, steam, .passes between the piston and the walls of the easing, and if desired through a bore hole 9 communieatingr with the pressure generatiug'chamber 10. l have shown the piston with a piston ring to reduce wear on the piston. In practie 'this ring does not make a fluid tight packing but permits the desired restricted flow of steam to pass the piston to the equilibrium chamber when the pressures on opposite sides of the piston are unequal. It is of course evidentthat the piston rlng may act as a packing and a separate hole 9 maybe providcd shown in Fig. Q, but as previously stated, this hole is not ordinarily D The valve spindle 'll carries the depending auxiliary valve 2 which is provided :it its lower part with a Slightly tapered plug projectingr into the outlet chamber 4 and shutting oli the equilibrium chamber f3 from the chamber l When the valve closed. lt is to be noted that the' tapered plug' ol the equilibrium member .should be'of such a length as to enable the area of How flu-ouali the equilibrium mem ber during; the full stroke of the` main valve to be controlled under all pressures. When the auxiliary4 valve is opened the tapered pllugr (i drawn into the cylindrical passage l2 and so Aynovides an annular opening which is constantlyr being' enlarged for the -escape of the pressure fluid from the equilibrium chamber toward the service oroutlet chamber. 'After a pra-determined lift of tbe tapered plug, the volume of Huid escaping* from the equilibrium chamber will be larger than that entering` the same chamber and therefore a constantly*increasing excess4 pressure will tal-:e effect beneath tbe piston. lVhon the excess pressurel exceeds the load on the main valve, the latter will be forced oil' its seat and be driven upward with the piston. 'This u p wa rd movel'nent productif: the gradual dcerease of the outlet openingr Jfrom the equilibrium chamber and sin'uiltaueouslv cmu-:c5 the compression of the pressure fluid wit-hin the said chamber. lf this valve, lio suddenlv displaced from its median position A B to that of A, l, as described' with reference to Fig. l and caused to travel bevond this line to (he extent ot the dis tance Jl. it will hc. evident that theval'iation in the annular opening fl ininusf0 is very slight. --1 that the upwardly directed excess oi' pressure is equally sli ;ht. 1f, non'. this momentary pressure.

moer-ar must certainly be much lower than under ordinary conditions. The result of this is that, should a return motion take place, the value of m must become much less than before and the vibrations be damped. The

main valve, therefore, cornes to rest and remains floating in its 'median position in the pressure fluid. An essential feature in this arrangement is that there is no mechanical connection between the main valve and the auxiliary valve and that there is no contact between the two valves during the ordinary play, so that the valve-spindle receives no knocks or blows.

' It is obvious that the main valve will al-. zoways move gently and to a certain height only, while for the reasons explained with.V

reference to Fig. 1, the valve will usually become stationary at once or certainly so after one 'or two vibrations; its active surface being then in such a middle position with regard to the tapering plug, to insure an equal flow of fiuid from and into the equilibriumchamber. In this position, the forces acting on the main valve, re balanced and so long as-the auxiliary valve does not move, the main valve. will remain stationary in its median position with regard to the tapering plug. With variations in the pressure, the main valve will rise or fall without individual vibrations until it has reached the median position corresponding to such When further opening or closin of the auxiliary valve takes place the main valve follows it WithoutI vibration exactly as if both were mechanically connected together. These facts have been proved by careful experiments.

It is not necessary to furnish the auxiliary valve with a slow tapering plug for throttling the cylindrical passage, asa straight plug 6' can be used, provided the passage 13 be made slightly tapering as shown in Fig. 3. Furthermore, the plug may be made hollow to form the throttling member 62, as

shown in Fig. 4 with slots 14 and guided in a seating, in such a manner as to enable the slots to act similarly to the previously described throttling means.

l? or completely closing the main valve it is necessary to first close the auxiliary valve whereby naturally the outiiow from' the couilibrium chamber is .entirely stopped. This causes an increase in pressure in the equilibrium chamber 3 whereby the equilibrium piston is forced down and the main valve closed. lf the inflow is not suiliciently large it 'will lead to the fornuition of vacuum in thc equilibrium chamber during the lowering of' the piston tending to retard thc motion of the latter and consequcntl also the closing of the main valve. To avoid this, it is required to effect a speedy inflow of the duid into the equilibrium chamber. For that purpose the communication oritices of the two chambers may be enlarged, such as the boring S) of the piston 5.V However, thisI would at once require correspondingly increased dimensions of the auxiliary valve, because the discharge area of the auxiliary valve must approximate that of the" equilibrium pis/ton in order to insure for the speedy equalizing of the inflow and outiiow in the equilibrium chamber. The enlargement of tlie auxiliary valve would necessitatelan objectionable enlargement of the whole valve, corresponding increase in weight and decrease in Sensitiveness of the auxiliary valve. The objections can be obviated by combining the auxiliary valve 2 with a slide valve 15in the manner shown in Fig. 5, or in any other convenient manner; -the said slide valve being adapted to open or close a port leading from the generating chamber 1() to the equilibrium cham ber 3. The port 16 may lead into an annular space 1S formed with outlet orifices 17; said annular space being limited b the main valve and casing 19 of the sli e valve respectively. With the opening of the auxf iliary valve, the slide 15 closes the communication 1 7 between the generating chamber and the equilibrium chamber so that the infioiv to the latter can only take place around or through. a separate small opening in the equilibrium piston such as shown at 9 in Fig. 2 may be preferred. With the closing of the auxiliary valve, the slide 15 uncovers the communication 17 completely and thus allows of the immediate re-fillling of the equilibrium cha ber.

1n the steam regulator for locomotives Shown in 6," the valve casing 7 is similarly forme/.u with an annular space 20 which takes the! place of the steam generating chamber 10 described in Fig. 2. The steam (from the dome 21 passes 1n the direction shown by the arrow I to the main valve. The outlet chamber 4 is here replaced by the steam outlet pipe 22. ItI is advisable to so place the steam regulator in the dome 21 as to dispose the upper part 23 of the valve i casing near the cover 24 of the dome so as to cause the Steam to strike against the cover 9A and release its waterl before passing through the open valve.

The valve 5 and its auxiliary valve G are operated in the usual manner by the enginedriver by incansot' the band lever 25 fast on the rod 26 which moves the lever 27 in connection with the link 28 ot" the auxiliary Vvalve rod 1l. Y

lWhat l claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-w

l. ln a valve the combination of a valve casing, a` main valve having a piston i ortion cooperating with a portion of said casing to form an equilibrium chamber, said chamber having a restricted inlet passage and an ontlet passage, the latter beinfT through said main valve, an auxiliary valve for controlling vsaid outlet passage7 and a throttling member carried b said auxiliary valve and projecting throng said outlet, the throttling effect of said member varying but slightly upon comparatively large relative .movements of said main valve and said member.

2. In a valve thecombinat-ion of a valve casing, a main valve having a piston portion cooperating with a portionof said casing to form an equilibrium chamber,- said chamber having a restricted inlet passage and an outlet passage, the latter beingthrough said main valve, an auxiliary valve for controlling said outlet passage, and a throttling member carried by Said auxiliary valve and projecting thronghjsaid outlet, the throttlin effect of lsaid. member varying but sligitly upon comparatively large relative movements of said main valve and said member, said throttling member serving to maintain the outlet opening from said equilibrium chamber of less eliective cross-sectionaharca than the inlet lto said chamber until after the ai'ixiliary valve has moved from its seat to a dist-ance materially greater than the movement of said main valve against increasing compression in said equili brin m chamber.

2l. ln a valve the combination'. of a. valve casing, a. main valve having a. piston portion cooperating with a portion of said casing to form an equililn'ium cham-bier, said chamber having a restricted inlet passage and an ontlet passage, thcilat'ier being through said main valve, an auxiliary valve for controlling said outlet passage, and a throttling member carried b y said auxiliary valve and projecting through said outlet, the length of said member being so proportioiud toits throttling action in dill'erent positions' rolative to the inazn valve and to tln` volunu of said chamber and to the range of movement` of said main valve against inffrcasing compression in said auxiliary Cliaiuber. that. upon opening-the auxiliary valve and teni'- porarilv diminishing the pressure in said chainlan', said main valve in opening against increasing' compression in the` equilibrium chainlar and inrrrasing throtlling' action 4will more a distance les-:4 than the plolilui nai-v i-.iovemeut of (he auxiliary valve and prevent seating ot' the auxiliary valve.

'l. lie a valve ilul combination, nl r.: valve rasing'. a main .'alw having a piston portion cooperating nilra portion o'l' Haul casing 'escape of fluid from said chamber and the opening of said main valve, and supple- 'mental means for' controlling the movement ber having a restricted inlet passage-and an outlet passage, the latter being through said main valve, an auxiliary valve for controlling said outlet. passage, and .a throttling member carried by said auxiliary valve and projecting through said outlet, the. throttling effect of said member vai-yin but slightly noon comparatively large rfilative n'iiovements of saidmain valve and said inianber, said main valve having an inlet passage and a third valve serving to'close` said passage' .\vhen saidl auxiliary valve is in its open position. A

6. A valvecomprising inieombination a valve casi?" a main valve in said casing, a piston connected Awith said' main 4valve and forming a chamber in said casing, an auxiliary valve arrangedin the outlet passage of said chamber, a throttling member .Connected vvith said auxiliary valve and projecting deeply into the outlet passage of'.

said chamber to control the outlet ofA said cha-uber `during the whole stroke o'f .Said .alve and constructed to allow inall 'positions of said auxiliary valve of lolo only a.' slight variation in the area of the 'i outlet passage of said chamber wheu'said auxiliary valve is moved from one into another position, and a slide fvalveencircling said auxiliary Vvalve and connected with the latter, passages arranged to form a cfmuunnication between the pressure gen; eraiing side of the valve andlsaid cbaniber when said auxiliary "alveis in itscilosed "position, said slide valve being adapted to close said passages if the auxiliary 'valve is opened` substantiallv as and for the'gfpurpose set forth. i,

ln testimony whereof' I have hereunto signed in v name this 13th day of Gctober 'illus'. in the presence of two subscribing wit# 

